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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Predatory imminence continuum ： ウィキペディア英語版 Predatory imminence continuum Animals have many different tactics for defending themselves, this of course depends on the severity of the threat they are encountering.〔Bolles RCF, Fanselow MS (1980) A perceptual-defensive-recuperative model of fear and pain. Behav Brain Sci 3:291–301.〕 Stages of threat vary along a spectrum referred to as the "predatory imminence continuum," spanning from low-risk (pre-encounter) to high-risk (interaction) threats.〔Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ (1969) Passive and active reactions to fear-eliciting stimuli. J Comp Physiol Psychol 68:129-135.〕〔Fanselow MS, Lester LS (1988) A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior: Predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior. In Evolution and Learning. Bolles RC, Beecher MD, Eds,; Earlbaum, Hillsdale NJ:185-211.〕 The main assumption of the predatory imminence continuum is that as threat levels increase, defensive response strategies change. During the pre-encounter period, an animal may engage in activities like exploration or foraging. But if the animal senses that a predator is nearby, the animal may begin to express species specific defense reactions such as freezing〔Bolles RC (1970) Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning. Pyshol Rev 77:32-48.〕〔Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ (1969) Crouching as an index of fear. J Comp Physiol Psychol 67:370-375.〕 in an attempt to avoid detection by the predator. However, in situations where threat is imminent, once the animal is detected by its predator for example, freezing is no longer the optimal behavior for survival. At this point, the animal enters the circa-strike phase, where its behavior will transition from passive freezing to active flight, or even attack if escape is not possible.〔Fanselow MS, Lester LS (1988) A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior: Predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior. In Evolution and Learning. Bolles RC, Beecher MD, Eds,; Earlbaum, Hillsdale NJ:185-211.〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Predatory imminence continuum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.